Conditions for Current Carrying Capacity of Power Cable

The tabulated current ratings are designed by the conditions below 

Current carrying capacity is defined as the amperage a conductor can carry before melting either the conductor or the insulation. Cables are mainly designed as per requirement. Power cables are mainly used for power transmission and distribution purposes. It is an assembly of one or more individually insulated electrical conductors, usually held together with an overall sheath.

Consider one circuit of a three-phase load to make sense.
Load factor = 1.0

Maximum operating conductor temperature :
70 degrees Celsius ( PVC insulation ) and 90 degrees Celsius ( XLPE insulation );
No other heat sources are installed near the group of cables.

Story of Ancient Electricity

The ancient battery in the Baghdad Museum

Ancient Electricity Generation and Using Procedure

Herein this article will try the understand the history of the first electricity evaluation and ancient electricity generation procedures, and the uses of electricity. We also introduce ourselves to Baghdad Battery.

Fiber Optic Installation Guide

Fig-Optical Fiber Cable Installation Guide

Optical Fiber Cable Installation by HDD (Horizontal Directional Drilling) and Direct Buried System.

Overview

This guide explains step-by-step procedures, required equipment, safety controls, testing, and pros/cons for installing optical fiber cable using Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) and direct-buried systems. It covers planning through commissioning and highlights common failure modes and mitigation.

Does AI Really Help Students to be Knowledgeable?

Does AI Really Help Students to be Knowledgeable?

This is one of the hottest debates in education right now. The short answer: AI can absolutely help students become more knowledgeable, but only if it’s used thoughtfully. Let me break it down for you:

What is the Distance Relay and How does It Work?

A distance relay, also known as a distance protection relay or impedance relay, is a protective device used in power systems to detect and isolate faults on transmission lines or other electrical equipment. Its primary function is to measure the impedance (or distance) between the relay location and the faulted section of the power system.

Distance Relay and Its Working Principle

PPR 2025 Free Download

The government of Bangladesh has released a draft Public Procurement Rules 2025 (PPR 2025) that updates and replaces large parts of PPR 2008 to align with international practice and strengthen procurement governance.

Key changes in the draft PPR 2025

• Removal of fixed local price cap and replacement with a weighted bid-evaluation formula that uses average acceptable bids (50%), the official estimate (20%), and recent e-GP market prices (30%) to set acceptable price thresholds.