Why Transformer Uses in Applinces?

What is the Function of a Transformer in Appliances?

Most of us, we of-course observed that there the is used a transformer in appliances. In general senses we know this transformer is needed to supply the power to the appliance, literally, it transforms the grid voltage (230 or 110V) into the required lower-level voltage like common 6V, 9V, 12V, or 24 V that is then rectified into dc voltage and regulated to make the internal power for the appliance.

Most of the appliance's transformers are step-down transformers, which means it receives 230 Volt (in some countries 110 Volt) grid voltage and steps down the voltage level as required 6, 9, 12, 24, or 48 Volt dc using a rectifier circuit.

On the reverse, some appliances or some parts of the appliance need a higher level of voltage than grid voltage (230 or 110 Volt), like- microwave ovens, old version television, school vintage vacuum tube audio amplifier, etc. So, to generate high voltage for appliances, the transformer is used.

But in some cases this transformer is neither step up nor step down, it is just 1:1, which means a transformer that is used to add a galvanic separation between the appliance and the ground while the appliance is running on a nominal 230V or 110V grid voltage. 

In such a case, if you touch any one of the output wires, the circuit is not closed to the ground and the source because there is no single live wire, so in this case, no one is shocked if touch any of the output wires. But if anyone touches both output wires at the same time will get shocked!
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Impedance Transformer:

Some time transformer is used in appliances to match the impedance, not for power supply; typically have an output audio transformer to match the higher output impedance of the tube with the lower impedance of the loudspeakers. 

Some time transformer uses as inductance for industrial harmonic filter circuits. If you are interested to know about- 

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DC Separation Transformer:

Sometimes transformer uses for DC voltage separation which isolates the anode high voltage from the output voltage.

In conclusion, we can say a transformer is used for changes the input AC voltage in the primary to an AC voltage in the secondary that results in the required DC voltage for the appliances, the voltage may need up or down and it has various types like-multi-tap, step-up, step-down, etc. The transformer is used for voltage up or down depending on our need, if we required 12v for our device and the grid gives 230V then here we can use a transformer for step-down voltage, multi-tap trans gives various voltage such as 6V, 9V, and 12V,24V & so on.

Quite often the transformer secondary has multiple winding that can be tapped for different AC input voltages which makes the transformer more versatile and cost-effective. 

You may know the details about the electrical transformer from the following articles:

 

1. Working Principle of Transformer;
2. Transformer Construction;
3. Core-type Transformers;
4. Shell-type Transformers;
5. Elementary Theory of an Ideal Transformer;
6. E.M.F. Equation of Transformer;
7. Voltage Transformation Ratio;
8. Transformer with losses but no Magnetic Leakage;
9. Transformer on No-load;
10. Transformer on Load;
11. Transformer with Winding Resistance but no Magnetic Leakage;
12. Equivalent Resistance;
13. Magnetic Leakage;
14. Transformer with Resistance and Leakage Reactance;
15. Simplified Diagram;
16. Total Approximate Voltage Drop in Transformer;
17. Exact Voltage Drop;
18. Equivalent Circuit Transformer Tests;
19. Open-circuit or No-load Test;
20. Separation of Core Losses;
21. Short-Circuit or Impedance Test;
22. Why Transformer Rating in KVA?;
23. Regulation of a Transformer;
24. Percentage Resistance, Reactance, and Impedance;
25. Kapp Regulation Diagram;
26. Sumpner or Back-to-back-Test;
    
27. The efficiency of a Transformer;
28. Condition for Maximum Efficiency;
29. Variation of Efficiency with Power Factor;
30. All-day Efficiency;
31. Auto-transformer;
32. Conversion of 2-Winding Transformer into Auto-transformer;
33. Parallel Operation of Single-phase Transformers;
34. Questions and Answers on Transformers;
35. Three-phase Transformers;
36. Three-phase Transformer Connections;
37. Star/Star or Y/Y Connection;
38. Delta-Delta or ∆/∆ Connection;
39. Wye/Delta or Y/ Connection;
40. Delta/Wye or ∆/Y Connection;
41. Open-Delta or V-V Connection;
42. Power Supplied by V-V Bank;
43. Scott Connection or T-T Connection;
44. Three-phase to Two-Phase Conversion and vice-versa;
45. Parallel Operation of 3-phase Transformers;
46. Instrument Transformers;
47. Current Transformers;
48. Potential or Voltage Transformers.