WAZIPOINT Engineering Science & Technology: November 2018

Thursday, November 22, 2018

JACK AND PLUG CONFIGURATION IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES

Jack & Plug or Plug & Socket Configuration in Various Countries

Fig-Plug and Socket Types


There is no guy who hasn’t faced fixing unmatched Plug & Socket or Jack & Plug ever you say. Especially you, who frequently visit the different location or live in an Asian country where not follow any specific standard, often face this problem during using computer/laptop, mobile etc charger.

Most of the developed countries use jack and plug configuration as per some international standard or their local standard, but many countries do not follow any specific standard, they use various configurated jack and plugs which causes this problem.

Some of the standard jack and plug descriptions are quoted below that are used in Europe, America and other countries-


  Jack                   Plug
Description
Using Countries
Schuko European CEE 7 Jack & Plug
Schuko European
CEE 7
EU, Austria, Netherland, French, Germany, Irish, Italy, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland
Ungrounded Eurocord CEE 7/16 Jack & Plug

Ungrounded Eurocord
CEE 7/16
EU, Belgium, Denmark, Netherland, French, Germany, Italy, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, Singapore
Belgium/ French Socket CEE 7/7 Jack & Plug
Belgium/ French Socket
CEE 7/7
Belgium, French
British Standard BS 1363 Jack & Plug
British Standard
BS 1363
French, Irish, UK, Singapore
Old British Standard BS 546 Jack & Plug
Old British Standard
BS 546
Portugal, Spain
North American Ungrounded Jack & Plug North American Ungrounded Mexico, Canada
North American NEMA 5-15 Jack & Plug North American
NEMA 5-15
Canada
Australian Standard AS/NZS 3312 Jack & Plug Australian Standard
AS/NZS 3312
Australia
Typical Pipe Work In a Project
Japanese Standard JIS C 8303  Jack & Plug
Japanese Standard
JIS C 8303
Japan
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NFPA - National Fire Protection Association - National code that covers anything to do with flammable stuff (electrical, dust, combustibles, sprinklers, fire alarms, etc);


NEC - National Electric Code, NFPA 70 (NEC is a section of the NFPA code) - Addresses proper installation of electrical equipment, devices and wiring.

The first NEC document was written in 1897 at the insistence of various insurance, electrical, architectural and other interested parties. Up to and including 2008, there have been a total of 51 editions. It is revised on a regular three-year schedule. The National Electrical Code is divided into approximately 120 articles;


NEMA - National Electric Manufacturers Association- the trade organization for electrical manufacturers. Sets common rules, practices and certifications for the manufacture of electrical components and devices;


IEC - International Electric Code - International version of NEMA,
IEC set requirements that cover the installation and management of electronic systems along with wiring and electric shock protection.


Quiz: Here is a Jack & Plug quiz for the readers; We everybody have seen the three pin Jack & Plug, if you look at this three pin plug again, there are two pin for phase and neutral are same size, and one pin for earthing or grounding which is thicker and bigger than others.
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Question for you, why this earthing pin is thicker and bigger than others? 
You can give your answer in the comments below.

Tuesday, November 6, 2018

Motor and Pump Application Formula Save Energy and Make You Smart Designer


How Motor and Pump Application Formula can Save Energy and Make You Smart Designer?

Motor and Pump applications simple formula can save energy by helping effective design for using maximum efficiency of your equipment. 


Some times we ignore these basic design formula and use larger size of equipment using thump-role formula which cases extra money energy as wastage. 



A gerotor
A gerotor (image does not show intake or exhaust) (Photo credit: Wikipedia)
If we love ourself to be a energy saver or go to as green environment; we should take care of every bit of energy uses. Following motor and pump applications formula can help us to effective use of energy.

Centrifugal Applications


AFFINITY LAWS

The Affinity Laws of centrifugal pumps or fans indicates the influence on volume capacity, head (pressure) and/or power consumption of a pump or fan due to


  • change in speed of wheel - revolutions per minute (rpm)
  • geometrically similarity - change in impeller diameter
Following three affinity formulas are related with simply motor horse powerRPM (revolution per minute), Flow and pressure.

Flow2
=
RPM2
Flow1
RPM1
Pres2
=
(RPM2)2
Pres1
(RPM1)2
HP2
=
(RPM2)3
HP1
(RPM1)3


Where:
Pres=Pressure
RPM= Revolutions Per Minute

FANS AND BLOWERS


Centrifugal Fans and Blowers typically have one of seven types of wheels that draw the air into the inlet of the blower housing, through the wheel, and discharges it at 90 degrees out through the discharge of the housing.

The two most common types of Centrifugal Blowers are Pressure Blowers and Volume Blowers.

Fans and Blowers are very common uses in industry, Basic three formula can help you to design effective and perfect size of fan and blower as your desired. 

HP  =
CFM x PSF
33000 x Efficiency of Fan
HP  =
CFM x PIW
6356 x Efficiency of Fan




HP  =
CFM x PSI
229 x Efficiency of Fan



Where:
CFM= Cubic Feet per Minute
PIW= Inches of Water Gauge
PSF= Pound per Square Foot
PSI= Pound per Square Inches

PUMPS

Pump is a device that moves fluids (liquids or gases), or sometimes slurries, by mechanical action. Pumps can be classified into three major groups according to the method they use to move the fluid: direct lift, displacement, and gravity pumps.

Perfect capacity of pump design and operation is very important which can help the following two simple formula.


HP  =
GPM x FT x Specific Gravity
3960 x Efficiency of Pump



HP  =
GPM x PSI x Specific Gravity
1713 x Efficiency of Pump




Where:
FT= Head in Feet
GPM= Gallons Per Minute
PSI= Pounds Per Square Inch

VOLUME OF LIQUID IN A TANK


Gallons= 5.875 x D2 x H
1 gallon (US) of water weights 8.33 lb
Specific gravity of water- 1.0

Where:
D= Diameter of Tank in feet
H= Height of liquid in feet

Motor Application Formulas

Following motor applications formula is necessary everyday every moment.  It will help to calculate your motor's HP (Horse Power), Kilowatts, Torque in Pound-feet or Newton-meter.

HP(Horse Power)  =
Torque (lb-ft) x RPM
5252



Kilowatts  =
Torque (N-m) x RPM
9550




Torque (lb-ft)  =
Horse Power (HP) x 5252
RPM



Torque (N-m) =
Kilowatts x 9550
RPM




1HP= 746 watts
Hope motor and pump application formula will help to design a smart and effective energy saving initiative. 

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