What are the Advantages and Disadvantages of D.C. (Direct Current) and A.C. (Alternating Current) transmission systems?
Electrical energy transmission can
be transmitted either by means of DC (Direct Current or AC (Alternating Current each system has its own advantages and disadvantages. From that
point of view, we want to discuss today the technical advantages and
disadvantages of the two electrical energy transmission systems for the electric
power network.
D.C. Energy Transmission System
Over the past couple of years, engineers
in the transmission sector have been rethinking the DC electric transmission system. DC electric
power transmission has been receiving active consideration due to its
numerous advantages as below:
Advantages of DC Electrical Energy Transmission System.
The high voltage DC energy
transmission has the following advantages over the high voltage AC energy
transmission system.
(i) DC system requires only two
conductors compared to three for AC transmission;
(ii) In a DC transmission system, there is no presence of inductance, capacitance, phase displacement, and surge
problems comparing AC transmission system;
(iii) In a DC electric transmission
line has better voltage regulation comparing AC system due to the absence of
inductance. For the same load, the voltage drop in a DC transmission
line is less than in an AC;
(iv) The total conductor cross
section of the transmission line is utilized due to their no skin effect in a DC
system;
(v) For the same working voltage,
the potential stress on the insulation is less in case of a DC system than that
in an AC system. So, a DC line requires less insulation;
(vi) There in a DC line has less corona loss and reduced interference with communication circuits;
(vii) The high voltage DC transmission is free from dielectric
losses, particularly in the case of cables;
(viii) In a DC transmission system, there are no stability
problems and synchronizing difficulties comparing AC system.
You may read another article to know details about D.C. transmission and distribution:
You may read another article to know details about D.C. transmission and distribution:
HVDC Transmission and Distribution System Network
Disadvantages of DC Electrical Energy Transmission System
The high voltage DC energy
transmission has the following disadvantages over the high voltage AC energy
transmission system.
(i) Due to commutation problems, the electric power cannot be generated at high DC voltage, which is one of the disadvantages of the DC system;
(ii) Stepped up or stepped down in the electric energy transmission system is an important factor, but in the DC system, voltage cannot be stepped up for transmission of power at high voltages;
(iii) The DC switches and circuit breakers have their own limitations.
(i) Due to commutation problems, the electric power cannot be generated at high DC voltage, which is one of the disadvantages of the DC system;
(ii) Stepped up or stepped down in the electric energy transmission system is an important factor, but in the DC system, voltage cannot be stepped up for transmission of power at high voltages;
(iii) The DC switches and circuit breakers have their own limitations.
A.C. Energy Transmission System
Nowadays, most of the electrical
energy transmission system is in Alternating Current or AC system. The exclusive generation, transmission, and distribution system is popular all over the
world.
Advantages of AC Electrical Energy Transmission System
(i) It is easy and can be generated at high voltages in an AC
electric power system;
(ii) The maintenance of AC sub-stations is easy and cheaper
than a DC transmission system;
(iii) The AC voltage can be stepped
up or stepped down by transformers with ease and efficiency that is not
possible in a DC energy transmission system. This permits transmitting power at high
voltages and distributing it at safe potentials in an AC electric transmission
system.
Disadvantages of AC Electrical Energy
Transmission System
(i) More copper is required for an AC transmission conductor than for a DC transmission line;
(ii) The construction of an AC transmission electric line
network is more complicated than a DC transmission electric line network;
(iii) Due to the skin effect in the AC system, the effective resistance
of the line is increased;
(iv) The AC line system has
capacitance. Therefore, there is a continuous loss of power due to charging current
even when the line is open.
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