Magnetic Leakage of a Transformer Breaks Ideal Characteristic

 Fig-1: Magnetic Leakage of Transformer  

How does magnetic flux determine the ideal transformer is not possible in practice?

Generally, it is assumed as our elementary knowledge about the transformer theory that the flux linked with the primary winding is also linked to the secondary winding.

But a practical transformer cannot link all the fluxes to the secondary windings that is linked at the primary. In simple all primary flux is not possible to transfer into secondary windings, some fluxes will be lost which is known as leakage flux.

More details about the transformer magnetic leakage:

Transformer with Losses but no Magnetic Leakage

Core Type and Shell Type Transformer Basic

How to Explain the Elementary Theory of an Ideal Transformer?

Classification of Transformer Flux Line

The flux lines in the transformer operation can be classified into two types according to their nature.

1. Mutual flux
2. leakage flux

Mutual flux 

This is the number of fluxes that are generated on the supply side and transferred to the load side by means of electromagnetic induction. The supply side and the load side are magnetically coupled with this static device. Due to the presence of mutual flux alternating EMF is induced on the load side which causes the load current to flow. This mutual flux plays the main principle of the operation of a transformer.

Leakage flux 

In the above picture, the primary side leakage fluxes are denoted as Ф_L1, Ф₁ , and in secondary side leakage fluxes are Ф_L2, Ф₂ . this function of the leakage flux is to reduce the mutual flux in the core of the transformer so that increase in leakage flux in a transformer reduces the overall efficiency of it. So the leakage reactance of a transformer is made high to reduce the leakage flux density As the magnitude of the leakage flux increases, the magnitude of flux in the core decreases. Leakage flux increases considerably as the currents in the windings increase. So the leakage flux has to be kept as low as possible.

You may know the details about the electrical transformer from the following articles:

 

1. Working Principle of Transformer;
2. Transformer Construction;
3. Core-type Transformers;
4. Shell-type Transformers;
5. Elementary Theory of an Ideal Transformer;
6. E.M.F. Equation of Transformer;
7. Voltage Transformation Ratio;
8. Transformer with losses but no Magnetic Leakage;
9. Transformer on No-load;
10. Transformer on Load;
11. Transformer with Winding Resistance but no Magnetic Leakage;
12. Equivalent Resistance;
13. Magnetic Leakage;
14. Transformer with Resistance and Leakage Reactance;
15. Simplified Diagram;
16. Total Approximate Voltage Drop in Transformer;
17. Exact Voltage Drop;
18. Equivalent Circuit Transformer Tests;
19. Open-circuit or No-load Test;
20. Separation of Core Losses;
21. Short-Circuit or Impedance Test;
22. Why Transformer Rating in KVA?;
23. Regulation of a Transformer;
24. Percentage Resistance, Reactance, and Impedance;
25. Kapp Regulation Diagram;
26. Sumpner or Back-to-back-Test;
    
27. The efficiency of a Transformer;
28. Condition for Maximum Efficiency;
29. Variation of Efficiency with Power Factor;
30. All-day Efficiency;
31. Auto-transformer;
32. Conversion of 2-Winding Transformer into Auto-transformer;
33. Parallel Operation of Single-phase Transformers;
34. Questions and Answers on Transformers;
35. Three-phase Transformers;
36. Three-phase Transformer Connections;
37. Star/Star or Y/Y Connection;
38. Delta-Delta or ∆/∆ Connection;
39. Wye/Delta or Y/ Connection;
40. Delta/Wye or ∆/Y Connection;
41. Open-Delta or V-V Connection;
42. Power Supplied by V-V Bank;
43. Scott Connection or T-T Connection;
44. Three-phase to Two-Phase Conversion and vice-versa;
45. Parallel Operation of 3-phase Transformers;
46. Instrument Transformers;
47. Current Transformers;
48. Potential or Voltage Transformers.